should however begin a sentence

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27-11-2024

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Should "However" Begin a Sentence? A Grammatical Conundrum Resolved

The question of whether "however" should begin a sentence is a perennial debate among grammar enthusiasts and writers alike. While some style guides advise against it, others permit its use, leading to considerable confusion. This article will delve into the nuances of this grammatical point, drawing upon linguistic principles and exploring the contexts where beginning a sentence with "however" is both effective and appropriate. We will also examine stylistic considerations and offer practical advice for writers seeking clarity and precision.

The Traditional View: "However" as a Conjunctive Adverb

Traditionally, "however" is classified as a conjunctive adverb – a word that connects independent clauses while showing a contrast or exception. Examples from published works often illustrate its use joining two independent clauses: "The weather was terrible; however, the game went ahead." In this structure, the semicolon indicates the separation of the clauses, highlighting the contrastive function of "however."

This traditional view often leads to the guideline advising against starting a sentence with "however." The reasoning stems from the perception that "however" lacks the strength to begin a sentence independently; it's seen as needing the support of a preceding clause for complete grammatical function. This perspective emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clear, logical flow between clauses, implying a potential disruption if "however" initiates a sentence.

Challenging the Traditional View: Modern Usage and Context

While the traditional view holds weight, modern usage shows a significant shift. Many respected style guides, including the Chicago Manual of Style, now accept the use of "however" to begin a sentence, particularly when the resulting sentence is clear and well-structured. This acceptance stems from recognizing the evolving nature of language and the pragmatic need for flexibility in writing.

The key, as highlighted in numerous style guides, lies in ensuring that the sentence beginning with "however" functions as a clear, independent thought unit. This necessitates that it presents a meaningful contrast or qualification to the preceding sentence or paragraph. Simply inserting "however" at the start of a new sentence without contextual justification is poor writing, irrespective of grammatical permissibility.

Analyzing Examples from Scientific Literature

To gain a clearer understanding, let's examine examples from scientific literature, acknowledging the different standards applied in technical versus creative writing. A search on ScienceDirect yields numerous publications where "however," begins a sentence. For example, a paper on a specific medical procedure might contain a sentence like: "However, further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings." [Note: Specific citations would require selecting a real paper and correctly attributing the quote and authors. This is a hypothetical example for illustrative purposes only.]

In this context, the sentence functions independently, clearly conveying a qualification to preceding results. The preceding sentences likely presented positive findings, and the sentence starting with "however" appropriately introduces a note of caution or further investigation. The impact is clear, concise and grammatically sound.

Clarifying the Difference: "However" vs. "Nevertheless"

Often, "nevertheless" can function similarly to "however," and can more easily begin a sentence without raising grammatical concerns. The choice between these words hinges on nuance. "However" often signals a qualification or contrast, while "nevertheless" implies a contrast despite a preceding statement.

Consider this example:

• Option 1 (with "however"): "The initial results were promising. However, the long-term effects remain unclear."
• Option 2 (with "nevertheless"): "The initial results were promising. Nevertheless, the study suggests potential risks."

While both options are grammatically correct and convey contrast, the choice of "however" emphasizes the uncertainty regarding long-term effects, whereas "nevertheless" highlights the potential risks, despite initial promise. The selection should be driven by the precise meaning the author intends to convey.

Practical Advice for Writers:

• Context is paramount: Don't begin a sentence with "however" simply for the sake of it. Ensure a clear, logical link to the preceding text.
• Ensure independent clause function: The sentence starting with "however" must stand alone grammatically.
• Consider alternatives: Explore synonyms like "nevertheless," "on the other hand," or "despite this" to achieve stylistic variation and clarity.
• Read aloud: Testing your writing by reading it aloud helps identify awkward sentence structures or unclear transitions.
• Embrace stylistic flexibility: While traditional rules have merit, modern usage demonstrates the increasing acceptance of "however" at the start of sentences when used effectively.

Conclusion:

The debate regarding the use of "however" to start a sentence reflects the ongoing evolution of language and style. While traditionally discouraged, modern usage and style guides increasingly permit its use when employed appropriately within the context of a well-constructed and clear sentence. The key is not to blindly follow or ignore rules but to use judgment based on clarity, precision, and effective communication. By understanding the function of "however" as a conjunctive adverb, writers can make informed choices that enhance their writing's impact and readability. The focus should remain on crafting sentences that are clear, unambiguous, and that effectively communicate the intended meaning, regardless of the precise placement of "however." By adopting a nuanced approach, writers can harness the power of this word to enhance the flow and sophistication of their writing.